There’s something undeniably joyful about bougainvillea. Those papery bracts in hot pinks, deep purples, coral and white spill over walls and fences, turning an ordinary garden into a sun-soaked escape.

In South Africa’s warm climate, this hardy climber feels right at home – and with the right care, it will reward you for years. Here’s how to grow and care for bougainvillea in your own space:

Choose the sunniest spot you have

Bougainvillea is a sun lover. The more light it gets, the better it performs. Aim for at least six hours of direct sunlight every day. If planted in shade, you’ll get leafy growth but very few of those colourful bracts we love.

In cooler parts of the country, such as the Highveld, plant it against a north-facing wall where it can soak up warmth. In frost-prone areas, consider growing it in a container so it can be moved when temperatures drop.

Soil and drainage matter

This plant dislikes wet feet. Whether you’re planting in the ground or in a pot, good drainage is essential. Sandy or loamy soil works beautifully. If your garden soil is heavy clay, improve it with compost and coarse sand before planting.

In containers, always choose a pot with drainage holes and use a quality potting mix. Bougainvillea has a fine root system and prefers soil that drains freely rather than staying damp.

Water wisely

When newly planted, water deeply and regularly to help it settle in. Once established, bougainvillea becomes surprisingly drought-tolerant – perfect for our water-wise gardens.

Allow the soil to dry out slightly between waterings. Too much water can lead to root problems and fewer blooms. If your plant looks lush and green but isn’t flowering, overwatering could be the reason.

Feed for flowers, not foliage

Less is more when it comes to feeding. Use a balanced fertiliser during the growing season, but avoid products high in nitrogen. Too much nitrogen encourages leaves at the expense of colour.

If you’re unsure, choose a fertiliser formulated for flowering plants and follow the instructions carefully.

Growing in pots

Bougainvillea thrives in containers, making it ideal for patios and balconies. A trellis or support structure will help guide its growth. Keep an eye on moisture levels in summer, as pots dry out faster than garden beds.

Container planting also makes it easier to protect your plant in colder regions. When frost threatens, move it to a sheltered spot like a covered patio or bright indoor area.

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Pruning and shaping

Regular pruning keeps your plant tidy and encourages fresh growth. Trim lightly throughout the growing season to shape it. Don’t be afraid to cut it back firmly if it becomes unruly – bougainvillea responds well and will bounce back with energy.

Wear gloves when pruning, as many varieties have sharp thorns.

Winter care in South Africa

In warmer coastal regions, bougainvillea can stay outdoors year-round. In areas where frost is common, protect plants with frost cloth on especially cold nights.

Potted specimens can be moved under cover. During winter, reduce watering and avoid feeding. Growth may slow down, but it will pick up again once spring arrives.

Pests and problems

Bougainvillea is generally tough, but keep an eye out for aphids or mealybugs on new growth. A strong spray of water or an insecticidal soap usually sorts them out.

Root rot is the most common issue and is almost always linked to overwatering. If leaves yellow and drop while the soil feels soggy, ease up on watering and check drainage.

Why isn’t it flowering?

If your bougainvillea isn’t blooming, check three things: sunlight, watering and feeding. It needs full sun, slightly dry conditions between watering, and a fertiliser that supports flowering rather than leafy growth.

With the right balance, it will reward you with a spectacular show.

Bougainvillea brings bold colour, texture and a touch of the Mediterranean to gardens. Whether it’s climbing over a pergola, spilling from a pot, or softening a boundary wall, this resilient beauty proves that sometimes the simplest plants make the biggest impact.

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New ’boutique’ bougainvillea varieties you need in your garden